Periostitis of the tooth

Periosteum - what is it and what function does it perform?

The periosteum of the tooth (otherwise called the tooth border or periapical membrane) is the outer layer of connective tissue that covers the root of the tooth and connects it to the dental bone. It plays a key role in keeping the tooth in the correct position and ensures the stability of its embedding in the bone. The periosteum allows the connection between the tooth and the bone through collagen fibers, so that the teeth are stably embedded in the jaw or jaw and their movements during biting and chewing are controlled.

In addition, the periosteum provides a protective layer for the root of the tooth, protecting it from mechanical damage and microorganisms. It contains numerous blood vessels and nerve fibers that deliver oxygen and nutrients to the tooth and transmit pain signals to the brain. It also performs a metabolic function, allowing the exchange of substances between the dental bone and the tooth.

What are the causes of periostitis of the tooth?

Periostitis of the tooth (also called osteomyelitis) is an inflammation that develops in the periapical tissues of the tooth. Among the most common causes are:

• Damage to the tooth — eg injuries that can lead to infection of the pulp and the development of inflammation.
• Neglect of oral hygiene — promotes the growth of bacteria that can infect the teeth and periosteum.
• Untreated caries — leads to infection of the pulp and periapical tissues.
• Dental procedures — extractions, root canal treatments may increase the risk of infection.
• Weakened immune system — diseases such as diabetes increase susceptibility to infections.

Symptoms of periostitis of the tooth

Symptoms may vary depending on the severity of the disease, but the most common include:

• Pulsating toothache that intensifies when chewing or after consuming hot/cold drinks.
• Swelling and redness of the gums around the diseased tooth.
• Increased body temperature in advanced cases.
• Difficulty opening the mouth and swallowing due to swelling and pain.
• Sensation of pulsation in the area of the tooth.
• Changes in taste or unpleasant smell from the mouth.

How long does periodontitis of the tooth last?

The duration of the disease depends on the stage and effectiveness of treatment. In mild cases, treatment lasts from several days to several weeks. In advanced forms, involving a larger area of bone and tissue, treatment of up to several months may be necessary. Therapy usually includes antibiotics and removal of the source of infection, that is, the diseased tooth. In more serious cases, surgical treatment is necessary.

How to treat periodontitis of the tooth?

Treatment depends on the stage of the disease and its causes. The most commonly used methods are:

• Antibiotics — in mild cases, they fight the infection, therapy lasts from several days to several weeks.
• Removal of a diseased tooth When he is the source of the infection.
• Surgical procedures — removal of infected tissue, and in case of bone involvement — resection of the infected part.
• Symptomatic treatment — painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs help relieve discomfort.

Complications after untreated periodontitis

If left untreated, periostitis can lead to:

• The spread of infection to other tissues and bones.
• Loss of tooth due to extensive infection.
• Bone gangrene — necrosis of bone tissues requiring inpatient treatment.
• The development of an abscess — a painful accumulation of pus around the tooth.
• Sepsis — a systemic infection of the blood that can be life threatening.

That is why it is so important to see a dentist quickly at the first symptoms.

Home remedies to relieve symptoms

Treatment should be carried out by a specialist, however, home methods can help therapy:

• Tincture of propolis — has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, can be used as a rinse or topically.
• Hot Compression — a warm, damp cloth on the cheek for 20 minutes several times a day.
• Salt rinses — 1 teaspoon of salt dissolved in warm water, rinse your mouth several times a day.
• Clove oil — a few drops on a cotton swab and applying to a sore spot relieves pain.
• Oxygenated water — diluted 1:1 with water, mouthwash helps fight bacteria.

Remember that home remedies will not replace a visit to the dentist.

Prophylaxis of periostitis

For the prevention of periostitis, it is worth adhering to the following rules:

• Regular brushing of teeth at least twice a day with fluoride paste.
• Using dental floss or irrigator to remove food debris.
• Regular check-ups at the dentist, at least twice a year.
• Limiting the consumption of sugar and sweets.
• A healthy, balanced diet rich in vegetables, fruits and protein.
• Avoiding smoking.
• Using a suitable brush and antibacterial rinses.

Periostitis in a child

Periostitis of the tooth in children is especially dangerous due to a weaker immune system. Most often it is caused by a bacterial infection penetrating from the caries into the bones. Lack of proper hygiene and improper nutrition increase the risk of disease.

Treatment in children depends on the stage, from antibiotics and painkillers to surgical procedures such as tooth removal or tissue cleansing.

It is not worth underestimating the symptoms, since an untreated infection can lead to serious complications, including sepsis. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a child's health.

If you suspect periodontitis in yourself or your child, you should immediately consult a dentist. Early intervention prevents complications and allows you to recover quickly.